1For verily all men by nature Or, are were but vain who had no perception of God,

And from the good things that are seen they gained not power to know him that is,

Neither by giving heed to the works did they recognise the artificer;

2But either fire, or wind, or swift air,

Or Gr. circle of stars. circling stars, or raging water, or Or, luminaries of heaven, rulers of the world, they thought to be gods luminaries of heaven,

They thought to be gods that rule the world.

3And if it was through delight in their beauty that they took them to be gods,

Let them know how much better than these is their Sovereign Lord;

For the first author of beauty created them:

4But if it was through astonishment at their power and Gr. efficacy. influence,

Let them understand from them how much more powerful is he that formed them;

5For from the Some authorities read greatness and beauty of. greatness of the beauty Some authorities omit even. even of created things

Or, Correspondently In like proportion Gr. is the first maker of them beheld. does man form the image of their first maker.

6But yet for these Or, things men there is but small blame,

For they too peradventure do but go astray

While they are seeking God and desiring to find him.

7For Or, being occupied with living among his works they make diligent search,

And they Or, trust their sight that the things yield themselves up to sight, because the things that they look upon are beautiful.

8But again even they are not to be excused.

9For if they had power to know so much,

That they should be able to explore Or, life Or, the world Gr. the age. the course of things,

How is it that they did not sooner find the Sovereign Lord of these his works?

10But miserable Or, are were they, and Or, amongst in dead things Or, are were their hopes,

Who called them gods which are works of men’s hands,

Gold and silver, wrought with careful art, and likenesses of animals,

Or a useless stone, the work of an ancient hand.

11Yea and if some Gr. carpenter who is a woodcutter. woodcutter, having sawn down a Gr. plant. The Greek word, slightly changed, would mean trunk tree that is easily moved,

Skilfully strippeth away all its bark,

And fashioning it in comely form maketh a vessel useful for the service of life;

12And burning the refuse of his handywork to dress his food, eateth his fill;

13And taking the very refuse thereof which served to no use,

A crooked piece of wood and full of knots,

Carveth it with the diligence of his idleness,

And shapeth it by the skill of his Or, leisure indolence;

Or, And Then he giveth it the semblance of the image of a man,

14Or maketh it like some paltry animal,

Smearing it with vermilion, and with Gr. rouge. paint colouring it red,

And smearing over every stain that is therein;

15And having made for it a chamber worthy of it,

He setteth it in a wall, making it fast with iron.

16While then he taketh thought for it that it may not fall down,

Knowing that it is unable to help itself;

(For verily it is an image, and hath need of help;)

17When he maketh his prayer concerning goods and his marriage and children,

He is not ashamed to speak to that which hath no life;

18Yea for health he calleth upon that which is weak,

And for life he beseecheth that which is dead,

And for aid he supplicateth that which hath least experience.

And for a good journey that which cannot so much as move a step,

19And for gaining and Or, handywork getting and good success of his hands

He asketh ability of that which with its hands is most unable.